Line-Tracking Module
Price range: $0.89 through $3.59
The line-tracking module is an electronic component that identifies black lines to correct the path, and is mainly used in robot car tracing.
The line-tracking module is an electronic component that identifies black lines on a white background. Its main principle is based on the fact that the reflectivity of black is significantly lower than that of white to determine whether it is on a black line. It is widely used in robot car line – following, by electronics enthusiasts and engineers.
Product Introduction
Line-Tracking Module is divided into the following major categories
IR Sensor:
TCRT5000 Infrared Sensor
The TCRT5000 sensor is an electronic device that works based on the principle of infrared reflection. It emits infrared rays through the cathode, and the infrared rays are reflected and finally received by the anode, so as to judge the distance or color of obstacles. When the color of the reflected surface is black, more rays are absorbed and fewer rays are received. When the color of the reflected surface is white, fewer rays are absorbed and more rays are received.
TCRT5000 infrared sensor can be used in many places, for example the most common: line tracking function, when the car is running, it can be installed at the bottom to judge whether it is on the black line, so as to make corrections. Second, it is used in counting, it can be fixed in one place, whether there is an object the reflected light is very different, it can be used to judge whether the object exists, so as to count.
Electrical Parameters
Working voltage: 3.3V – 5V
Working current: about 20mA.
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Emitter (IR LED) | ||
| Operating Voltage | 1.2-1.5 | V |
| Operating Current | 20 | mA |
| Maximum Current | 60 | mA |
| Wavelength | 950 | nm |
| Receiver (Phototransistor) | ||
| Operating Voltage | 5-30 | V |
| Maximum Current | 20 | mA |
| Photo Current | 1.0 | mA |
| Operating Conditions | ||
| Detection Distance | 0.2-15 | mm |
| Operating Temperature | -25 to +85 | °C |
Pinout
VCC: +5V
GND: Ground
DOUT: Connect to analog interface
AOUT: Converts digital signal into analog voltage/current output, generally connected to corresponding serial por
Usage Scenarios
The following are the extended application functions of the TCRT5000 infrared sensor in line tracking. The more channels there are, the higher the adjustable accuracy, the more precise the sensing, and the smoother the vehicle’s running posture.
Three - channel line tracking:
Five - channel line tracking:
Other Version:
Infrared Sensor (Photoelectric Switch Version)
The basic principle of this infrared sensor is the same as that of TCRT5000.
Usage Instructions: When in use, the EN enable cap needs to be covered. First, turn the lower potentiometer clockwise to the end, then adjust the upper potentiometer. Turning clockwise increases the detection distance, and turning counterclockwise decreases it. Provide DC5V power to the module. The power indicator light will be on. When the sensor detects an obstacle, the signal indicator light is on and the signal outputs a low level; when the sensor fail to detect an obstacle, the signal indicator light is off and the signal outputs a high level.
The frequency adjustment potentiometer is used to adjust the carrier frequency of the infrared emission tube, because the integrated receiving head is most sensitive at a specific carrier frequency of 38KHZ. Turn the 502 resistor clockwise to the end (adjust the brightness of the transmitting tube to the maximum), then aim at a white wall and adjust the 103 resistor until the sensing distance is the farthest. In this way, the sensor works in the best state.
Function and Parameters
1.When an object is sensed, it outputs 0; when not sensed, it outputs 1. It can be directly connected to the IO port of 3V and 5V single – chip microcomputers.
2.This sensor is powered by 3 to 6V, with an ultra – wide range, suitable for 3V and 5V single – chip microcomputer systems.
3.The sensing distance is 2 to 40 cm, with a long distance and good anti – interference ability. (Note: Infrared sensors cannot detect all objects at the same distance. Objects of different colors have different reflectivities to light. The darker the color of the object, the closer it is to black, and the shorter the detection distance.)
4.With an enable terminal, the sensor does not work when the EN terminal is equal to “1”, and works when it is equal to “0”. After the jumper cap on the sensor is inserted, the EN terminal is grounded for a long time (EN is “0” for a long time). Please remove the jumper cap when using the EN terminal.
Application scenarios
It is fast and suitable for obstacle avoidance of intelligent cars, black – and – white line tracking, anti – falling, product counters, assembly line cutting, liquid level detection, etc.
The black – and – white line tracking car made with this sensor doesn’t need to run on white paper with black lines. It can track black lines in complex environments such as cement ground and yellow mud ground. As long as the color around the black line is slightly lighter than that of the black line, the traditional way of running is eliminated, making the environment layout simpler.
Infrared Sensor (Photoelectric Reflection Version)
This product has the same operating environment as the above several models.The emission tube emits infrared rays of a certain frequency. When an obstacle (reflective surface) is encountered in the detection direction, the infrared rays are reflected back and received by the receiving tube. After being processed by the comparator circuit, the green indicator light will turn on, and at the same time, the signal output interface outputs a digital signal (a low – level signal). The detection distance can be adjusted through the potentiometer knob, with an effective distance range of 2 – 30 cm and a working voltage of 3.3V – 5V.
Operating Logic
When the module detects a signal from an obstacle ahead, the green indicator light on the circuit board lights up, and at the same time, the OUT port continuously outputs a low – level signal. The detection distance of this module is 2 – 30 cm, the detection angle is 35°, and the detection distance can be adjusted via the potentiometer. Turning the potentiometer clockwise increases the detection distance; turning it counterclockwise decreases the detection distance.
The sensor actively detects via infrared reflection, so the reflectivity and shape of the target are the key to the detection distance. Among them, the detection distance for black is the shortest, and for white is the longest; small – area objects have a short detection distance, while large – area objects have a long detection distance.
Pinout
Connection Method: VCC – VCC; GND – GND; OUT – IO. The output port OUT of the sensor module can be directly connected to the IO port of the single – chip microcomputer, and it can also directly drive a 5V relay.
Infrared Sensor (Four - channel Version)
The 4 – channel tracking module has strong adaptability to ambient light. It has a pair of infrared emission and receiving tubes. The detection distance can be adjusted via the potentiometer knob. Turning clockwise increases the distance. The effective distance range is 1 – 12 cm, and the detection angle is 35°, which is suitable for long – distance tracking, such as robot tracking.
Electrical Parameters
Working voltage: DC 3.3V – 5V
Working current: It is better to choose a power supply with more than 1A for power supply.
Working temperature: -10°C to +50°C
Hollow board: 4.4mm (length) * 4.0mm (width) * 12mm (height)
Size: Small board: 25mm (length) * 12mm (width) * 12mm (height)
Output interface: 6-wire interface (1, 2, 3, 4 are 4-channel signal output terminals; VCC is the positive power supply; GND is the negative power supply, which is also the ground wire)
Output signal: TTL level (can be directly connected to the I/O port of the single-chip microcomputer. When the red light reflected back by the sensor is sensed, the red indicator light is on and a low level is output; when there is no infrared light, the indicator light is off and a high level is output)
Application Scope
1.Line following for intelligent cars or robots (including black lines and white lines), moving along the black line path, also known as path tracking.
2.Intelligent cars avoiding cliffs and preventing falls.
3.Intelligent cars avoiding obstacles.
Light Sensor Version
The principle of the light-based tracking sensor is different from that of the infrared sensor. It performs line tracking based on the data fed back by the light sensor.Generally, a light – dependent resistor is built into the light sensor. The resistance value of this light – dependent resistor varies under different light intensities. This resistance value will affect the output voltage. Based on the received voltage value, the microcontroller can determine whether the vehicle is operating normally or has deviated from the route.
The specific working principle of this analog grayscale sensor is that the LED light on the right emits light. After the emitted light is reflected, it is received by the light – dependent resistor on the left, and the resistance value changes. Based on the resistance value, it can be determined whether the vehicle is driving along the black line.
Electrical Parameters
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Operating Voltage | 3.3V or 5V |
| Operating Current | < 20mA |
| Operating Temperature Range | -10℃ to +70℃ |
| Detection Resolution | 10% |
| Interface Type | Analog Signal Output |
| Dimensions | 24mm x 21mm |
| Weight | 3g |
Pinout
- OUT：Signal Output
- VCC：Power(VCC)
- GND：Ground(GND)
Programming Principle
The grayscale sensor has three pins in total, namely the positive power supply Vcc, the power ground GND, and the signal terminal OUT. In actual use, the sensor can be directly connected to the analog interface of the Arduino controller, such as analog port A0. After powering on the Arduino, the white high – brightness LED of the sensor lights up. Place the sensor on papers with different grayscale levels. The built – in AD conversion of the Arduino controller is used to read data, and then the measured analog quantity can be printed out through the serial port.
E18-D80NK Photoelectric Switches Product Introduction
Photoelectric switches, also known as photoelectric sensors, are divided into: 1. Diffuse reflection type 2. Feedback reflection type 3. Through – beam type.
The sensor can be used with products such as PLC programmable controllers, single – chip microcomputers, NAND gate circuits, electronic counters, and small relays.
The emitter continuously emits infrared light beams at the detected target. The receiver converts the light beam (light energy) reflected back from the detected object into current and transmits it to the subsequent integrated circuit. After being processed by the integrated circuit, it is amplified by an amplifier and then output.
Product Features
This is a photoelectric sensor that integrates emission and reception. The detection distance can be adjusted as required. The sensor has the characteristics of long detection distance, low interference from visible light, low price, easy assembly, and convenient use. It can be widely used in many automated products such as robot obstacle avoidance and assembly line counting.
Performance Parameter
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Input Voltage | 5V DC |
| Load Current | 100mA |
| Sensing Distance | 3~80cm (adjustable) |
| Diameter | 17.5mm |
| Sensor Length | 50mm |
| Lead Length | 70mm |
Pinout
Black signal output (digital signal)
Brown positive pole
Blue negative pole
Shipping Cost
We only ship to the United States. Shipping costs are calculated based on the total order amount.
Shipping Method And Delivery Time
All orders will be processed and shipped within 72 hours of placing the order (excluding weekends and holidays). They will ship from Shenzhen, China, primarily via 4PX logistics. Depending on the destination and logistics conditions, other carriers such as DHL, FedEx, UPS, USPS, etc., may also handle the delivery. Estimated shipping time is 7-12 business days, with actual delivery occurring in 10-17 business days, depending on logistics conditions.
Payment:
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